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Is indian considered south east asia.Southeast Asian Countries
South Asia is the southern region of Asiawhich is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The Amu Daryawhich rises north of the Hindu Kushforms part of the northwestern considreed.
The geographical extent is not clear cut considerwd systemic best high school basketball teams foreign policy orientations of its constituents are quite asymmetrical.
The common definition of South Asia is largely inherited from жмите administrative boundaries of the British Raj, [36] with several exceptions. The current territories of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan which were the core territories of the British Empire from to also form the core territories is indian considered south east asia South Asia. By various definitions based on substantially different reasons, the Indina Is indian considered south east asia Ocean Territory and the Tibet Autonomous Region are included as well.
The boundaries of South Asia vary based on how the region is defined. South Asia's northern, eastern, and western boundaries vary based on definitions used, while the Indian Is indian considered south east asia is the southern periphery. Most of this region rests on the Indian Plate and is isolated from the rest of Asia by mountain sohth.
The terms " Indian subcontinent " and "South Asia" are sometimes used interchangeably. The use of the term Indian subcontinent began in iss British Empire, and has been a term particularly common in its successors.
According to Robert Considerd. The frontier of Greater South Asia, is indian considered south east asia Cutler, between is indian considered south east asia has been geopolitically extended to eastern Iran and western Afghanistan in the west, and in the north to northeastern Iran, northern Afghanistan, and southern Uzbekistan.
The definitions are also varied across South Asian Study programmes. The history of core South Asia begins with evidence of human activity of Homo sapiensas long as 75, years ago, or with earlier hominids including Homo erectus from aboutyears ago. The Indus Valley civilizationwhich asoa and flourished in the northwestern part of South Asia from c. The Vedic period, named after the Vedic religion of the Indo-Aryans[note 6] lasted from c.
Increasing urbanisation of India between and BCE, and possibly the spread of urban diseases, contributed to the rise of источник movements is indian considered south east asia of new ideas considerdd challenged the orthodox Brahmanism.
The Greek army led by Alexander the Great stayed in the Hindu Soth region of South Asia for several years and then later moved into the Indus valley region. Buddhism spread beyond south Asia, through northwest into Central Asia. The wave of raids on north Indian and western Indian kingdoms by Muslim warlords continued after Mahmud of Ghazni, plundering sokth looting these kingdoms. Muhammad bin Tughlaq came to power in conaidered, launched a war of expansion and the Delhi Id reached it largest geographical reach over the South Asian region during his year rule.
Revolts against the Delhi Sultanate sprang up in many parts of South Asia during the 14th century. The Bengal Sultanate remained in power through the early 16th century. It was reconquered by the armies of the Mughal Empire. The state religion of the Bengal Sultanate was Islam, and the region under its rule, a region that ultimately emerged as the modern nation of Bangladesh, saw a growth of a syncretic form of Islam. Babur defeated and killed Ibrahim Lodi in the Battle of Eawt in The consiidered history period of South Asia, that is 16th-century onwards, witnessed the start aska the Central Asian dynasty named the Mughals, with Indiab roots and Conisdered Islam cosidered.
The Deccan and northeastern region of South Asia was largely under Hindu kings such as those of Vijayanagara Empire and Ahom kingdom[] with some regions such as parts of modern Telangana and Andhra Pradesh under local Sultanates such as the Shia Islamic rulers of Golconda Sultanate.
The Mughal Empire continued its wars of expansion after Babur's death. With the fall of the Rajput kingdoms and Vijayanagara, its boundaries encompassed almost the entirety of the Indian subcontinent. However, this time also indiaj an extended period of religious persecution. Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh temples were desecrated. However, not all Muslim rulers persecuted non-Muslims. Akbara Mughal ruler for example, sought religious tolerance and abolished jizya.
After the jndian of Aurangzeb and the collapse of the Mughal Fast, which marks the beginning of modern India, in the early 18th century, it provided opportunities for the Marathas is indian considered south east asia, SikhsMysoreans and Nawabs of Bengal to exercise control over large regions of the Indian subcontinent. British, French, Portuguese is indian considered south east asia interests struck treaties with indiqn rulers and established their trading ports.
Inthe Government of India initiated the partition of Bengala decision which was eventually reversed after Indian vonsidered. According to Saul Cohen, early colonial era strategists treated South Asia with East Asia, but in reality, the South Asia region excluding Afghanistan is a distinct geopolitical region separated from other nearby geostrategic realms, one that is geographically diverse. It is surrounded by three water bodies — the Bay of Bengalthe Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea — and has acutely varied climate zones.
The tip of the Indian Peninsula had the highest quality pearls. Most of this region is resting on the Indian Platethe northerly portion of the Indo-Australian Plateseparated from the rest of the Eurasian Plate. The Indian Plate includes most of South Asia, forming a land mass which extends from the Himalayas into a portion of the basin under the Indian Ocean, including parts of South China and Eastern Indonesiaas well as Kunlun and Karakoram ranges, [] [] and extending up to but not including LadakhKohistanthe Hindu Kush range and Balochistan.
The Indian subcontinent formerly formed part of the supercontinent Gondwanabefore rifting away during the Cretaceous period and colliding with the Eurasian Plate about 50—55 million years ago нажмите для продолжения giving birth to the Himalayan range and the Tibetan plateau.
It is the peninsular region south of the Himalayas and Kuen Lun mountain ranges and east of the Indus River and the Iranian Plateauextending southward into the Indian Ocean between the Arabian Sea to the southwest and the Bay of Bengal to the southeast. The climate of this vast region varies considerably from area to area from tropical monsoon in the south to temperate in the north. The variety is is indian considered south east asia by not only the altitude but also by factors such as proximity to the seacoast and the seasonal impact of the monsoons.
Southern parts are mostly hot in summers and receive rain during monsoon periods. The northern belt of Indo-Gangetic plains also is hot in summer, but cooler in winter. The mountainous north is colder and receives snowfall at higher altitudes of Himalayan ranges.
As the Himalayas block the north-Asian bitter cold winds, the temperatures are considerably moderate in the plains down below. For the most part, the is indian considered south east asia indan the region is called the Monsoon climate, which keeps the region humid during summer and dry is indian considered south east asia winter, and favours the cultivation of jutetea, rice, and various vegetables in this region. South Asia is largely divided into four broad climate zones: [].
South Asia depends critically on посмотреть больше rainfall. The warmest period of the year precedes the monsoon season March to mid June.
In the summer the low is indian considered south east asia are centered over the Indus-Gangetic Plain and high wind from the Indian Ocean blows towards the inrian. The monsoons are the second coolest season of the year because of high humidity and cloud covering. The change is violent. Moderately vigorous monsoon depressions form is indian considered south east asia the Bay of Bengal and make landfall from June to September.
Climate change in South Asia is causing a range of challenges including sea level risecyclonic activity, and changes in ambient temperature and precipitation patterns. This list includes dependent territories within their sovereign states including uninhabited territoriesbut does not include claims on Antarctica.
The population of South Asia is about 1. There are numerous languages in South Asia. The spoken languages is indian considered south east asia the region are largely based on geography and shared across religious boundaries, but the written script is sharply divided by religious boundaries. TillMuslim-majority Bangladesh then known as East Pakistan also mandated only the Nastaliq script, but after that adopted regional scripts and particularly Bengali, after considfred Language Movement for the adoption of Bengali as the official conaidered of the then East Pakistan.
Non-Muslims of South Asia, and some Is indian considered south east asia in India, on the other hand, use scripts such consideted those derived from Brahmi script for Indo-European languages and non-Brahmi scripts for Dravidian languages and others.
Soutg Nagari script has been the primus inter pares of the traditional South Asian scripts. The spoken language is similar, but it is written in three scripts. The Gurmukhi and Nagari scripts are distinct but close in their structure, but the Persian Rast script is very different. English, with British spelling, is commonly used in urban areas and is a major economic lingua franca of South Asia.
InSouth Asia had the world's largest population of Hindus[16] about million Muslims[16] over 27 million Нажмите для деталей, 35 million Asiz and over 25 million Buddhists. Indian religions are the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent; namely HinduismJainismBuddhism and Sikhism. Later SindhBalochistanand parts of the Punjab region saw conquest by the Arab caliphates along with an influx of Muslims from Persia and Central Asia, which resulted in spread of both Shia and Sunni Islam in parts of northwestern region of South Asia.
South Asia is home to some of the most populated urban areas in the world. According to the edition of Demographia World Urban Areasthe eaast contains 8 of the world's 35 megacities urban areas over 10 million population : []. It is the fastest-growing major economy in the world and one of the world's fastest registering a growth of 7. It has the fastest GDP growth rate in Asia.
It is one of the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world, and is also listed among the Js Eleven countries. It is also one of the fastest-growing middle-income countries. According to a World Bank report indriven by a strong expansion in India, coupled with favorable oil prices, from the last quarter of South Asia indiam the fastest-growing region in the world []. Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka have sast lowest number of is indian considered south east asia below the poverty line, with 2.
India has lifted the most people in the region above the poverty line between andwith around million being raised from the poverty line. As of One of the key challenges in assessing the quality of education in South Asia is infian vast range of contextual difference across the region, complicating any attempt to compare between countries. Only sub-Saharan Africa had a higher rate of children not learning. Two-thirds of these children were in school, sitting in classrooms. Only 19 percent of children attending primary and lower secondary schools is indian considered south east asia a minimum proficiency level in considerde and mathematics.
In South Asia, classrooms are teacher-centred and rote-based, while children are often subjected to corporal punishment and discrimination. While eas India and Pakistan has two of the most developed and increasingly decentralised considefed systems, Bangladesh still had a highly centralised system, and Nepal is in a state of transition from a centralized to a decentralized system.
But consideree are still faced with unmanageable secondary financial demands, including private tuition to make up for the inadequacies of easg education system. The larger and poorer countries in the region, like India and Bangladesh, struggle financially to get sufficient resources to sustain an education system required for their vast populations, with an added challenge of getting large numbers of out-of-school children enrolled into schools.
Children's education in the region is also adversely affected by natural and human-made crises including natural hazards, political instability, rising extremism and civil strife that makes it difficult to deliver educational services.
The precarious security situation in Afghanistan is a big barrier in rolling out education programmes on a national scale.
According to UNICEF, girls face incredible is indian considered south east asia asa pursue their education in the region, [] while UNESCO estimated in that 24 million girls of primary-school age in the region were not receiving any formal education.
With about 21 million students in universities and 40 thousand colleges India had the one of the largest higher education systems in is indian considered south east asia world inaccounting for 86 percent of all higher-level students in South Asia.
Bangladesh two million and Pakistan 1. In Nepal thousand and Sri Lanka thousand the numbers were much smaller. Bhutan with only one university and Maldives with none aska had between them about students in higher education in The gross enrolment ratio in ranged from about 10 percent in Pakistan and Afghanistan to above 20 percent in India, much below the global average of 31 percent.
South Asia - Wikipedia.
Census online form set to go live starting March 12, Americans will soon get the once-in-a-decade opportunity to stand up and be counted. But while many of the questions on the Census may seem simple — name or date of birth — at least one is more complicated: race.
For many Asian Americans, who are the least likely among ethnic groups to fill out the Census, this can be especially true. But American culture tends not to think of all regions in Asia as equally Asian. This issue even made its way to the Presidential race: during his run for the Democratic nomination, Andrew Yang, who is of Taiwanese descent, was frequently framed by the media and his own campaign as the Asian candidate , despite his rival Kamala Harris having Indian heritage.
But the history of Asian identity in the U. Haig, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VII, ed. Bosworth, E. Heinrichs and C. Bangladesh: Politics, Economy and Civil Society. In A History of India.
Routledge 4th edition. A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar. Assam's history and its graphics.
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New York: Routledge. The Oxford handbook of Sikh studies. The Mughals traditionally had been tolerant of Hinduism Aurangzeb, however He reintroduced the head tax non-Muslims had to pay. Aurangzeb relentlessly destroyed Hindu temples all across India.
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Retrieved 25 October The spice trade initially was developed by Indian and Arab merchants, but it also brought Europeans to the region. First, Spaniards Manila galleon who sailed from the Americas and Kingdom of Portugal , then the Dutch, and finally the British and French became involved in this enterprise in various countries.
The penetration of European commercial interests gradually evolved into annexation of territories, as traders lobbied for an extension of control to protect and expand their activities. An economic effect of this imperialism was the shift in the production of commodities. For example, the rubber plantations of Malaysia, Java, Vietnam, and Cambodia, the tin mining of Malaya, the rice fields of the Mekong Delta in Vietnam, and the Irrawaddy River delta in Burma, were a response to the powerful market demands.
The overseas Chinese community has played a large role in the development of the economies in the region. The origins of Chinese influence can be traced to the 16th century, when Chinese migrants from southern China settled in Indonesia, Thailand, and other Southeast Asian countries. The region's economy greatly depends on agriculture; rice and rubber have long been prominent exports.
Manufacturing and services are becoming more important. Newly industrialised countries include Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines, while Singapore and Brunei are affluent developed economies. The rest of Southeast Asia is still heavily dependent on agriculture, but Vietnam is notably making steady progress in developing its industrial sectors. Seventeen telecommunications companies contracted to build the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable to connect Southeast Asia to the US [] This is to avoid disruption of the kind caused by the cutting of the undersea cable from Taiwan to the US in the Hengchun earthquakes.
Tourism has been a key factor in economic development for many Southeast Asian countries, especially Cambodia. According to UNESCO, "tourism, if correctly conceived, can be a tremendous development tool and an effective means of preserving the cultural diversity of our planet.
By the early 21st century, Indonesia had grown to an emerging market economy, becoming the largest economy in the region. It was classified a newly industrialised country and is the region's singular member of the G major economies.
Southeast Asia has an area of approximately 4,, square kilometres 1,, sq mi. As of , around million people live in the region, more than a fifth live million on the Indonesian island of Java , the most densely populated large island in the world. Indonesia is the most populous country with million people, and also the fourth most populous country in the world. The distribution of the religions and people is diverse in Southeast Asia and varies by country.
The Aslians and Negritos were believed as one of the earliest inhabitants in the region. In modern times, the Javanese are the largest ethnic group in Southeast Asia, with more than million people, mostly concentrated in Java , Indonesia. The second-largest ethnic group in Southeast Asia is Vietnamese Kinh people with around 86 million population, mainly inhabiting in Vietnam, thus forming a significant minority in neighboring Cambodia and Laos.
The Thais is also a significant ethnic group with around 59 million population forming the majority in Thailand. In Burma, the Burmese account for more than two-thirds of the ethnic stock in this country, with the Indo-Aryan Rohingya make up a significant minority in Rakhine State. Indonesia is clearly dominated by the Javanese and Sundanese ethnic groups, with hundreds of ethnic minorities inhabited the archipelago, including Madurese , Minangkabau , Bugis , Balinese , Dayak , Batak and Malays.
While Malaysia is split between more than half Malays and one-quarter Chinese, and also Indian minority in the West Malaysia however Dayaks make up the majority in Sarawak and Kadazan-dusun makes up the majority in Sabah which are in the East Malaysia. In city-state Singapore, Chinese are the majority, yet the city is a multicultural melting pot with citizens of Malay, Indian, Eurasian and other ethnic descents. While the Khmers are the majority in Cambodia and form a significant minority in Southern Vietnam and Thailand, the Hmong people are the minority in Vietnam, China, and Laos.
Religion in Southeast Asia []. Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions. Indonesia is the most populous Muslim-majority country in the world. There are approximately million Buddhists in Southeast Asia, making it the second-largest religion in the region, after Islam.
Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. In October , the number of Christians, both Catholic and Protestant in Southeast Asia, reached million, of which 97 million came from the Philippines , 29 million came from Indonesia , 11 million came from Vietnam , and the rest came from Malaysia , Myanmar , East Timor , Singapore , Laos , Cambodia and Brunei.
No individual Southeast Asian country is religiously homogeneous. Some groups are protected de facto by their isolation from the rest of the world. Christianity also predominates in the rest of the part of the Philippines, New Guinea , Flores and Timor. Garuda , the phoenix who is the mount vahanam of Vishnu , is a national symbol in both Thailand and Indonesia; in the Philippines, gold images of Garuda have been found on Palawan ; gold images of other Hindu gods and goddesses have also been found on Mindanao.
Balinese Hinduism is somewhat different from Hinduism practised elsewhere, as Animism and local culture is incorporated into it. Christians can also be found throughout Southeast Asia; they are in the majority in East Timor and the Philippines, Asia's largest Christian nation.
In addition, there are also older tribal religious practices in remote areas of Sarawak in East Malaysia, Highland Philippines, and Papua in eastern Indonesia. In Burma, Sakka Indra is revered as a Nat. In Vietnam, Mahayana Buddhism is practised, which is influenced by native animism but with a strong emphasis on ancestor worship.
Each of the languages has been influenced by cultural pressures due to trade, immigration, and historical colonization as well. There are nearly native languages in the region. The language composition for each country is as follows with official languages in bold :. Indonesia has over languages in over 17, islands across the archipelago, making Indonesia the second most linguistically diverse country on the planet, [] slightly behind Papua New Guinea.
The official language of Indonesia is Indonesian Bahasa Indonesia , widely used in educational, political, economic, and other formal situations.
In daily activities and informal situations, most Indonesians speak in their local language s. For more details, see: Languages of Indonesia. Also Brunei shows a strong influence from Arabia. Vietnam and Singapore show more Chinese influence [] in that Singapore, although being geographically a Southeast Asian nation, is home to a large Chinese majority and Vietnam was in China's sphere of influence for much of its history. Indian influence in Singapore is only evident through the Tamil migrants, [] which influenced, to some extent, the cuisine of Singapore.
Throughout Vietnam's history, it has had no direct influence from India — only through contact with the Thai, Khmer and Cham peoples. Moreover, Vietnam is also categorized under the East Asian cultural sphere along with China, Korea, and Japan due to a large amount of Chinese influence embedded in their culture and lifestyle.
Rice paddy agriculture has existed in Southeast Asia for millennia, ranging across the subregion. Some dramatic examples of these rice paddies populate the Banaue Rice Terraces in the mountains of Luzon in the Philippines. Maintenance of these paddies is very labour-intensive. The rice paddies are well-suited to the monsoon climate of the region. The region has diverse metalworking, especially in Indonesia. This includes weaponry, such as the distinctive kris , and musical instruments, such as the gamelan.
The region's chief cultural influences have been from some combination of Islam , India , and China. Diverse cultural influence is pronounced in the Philippines, derived particularly from the period of Spanish and American rule, contact with Indian-influenced cultures, and the Chinese and Japanese trading era. As a rule, the peoples who ate with their fingers were more likely influenced by the culture of India, for example, than the culture of China, where the peoples ate with chopsticks ; tea, as a beverage, can be found across the region.
The fish sauces distinctive to the region tend to vary. The arts of Southeast Asia have an affinity with the arts of other areas. Dance in much of Southeast Asia includes movement of the hands as well as the feet, to express the dance's emotion and meaning of the story that the ballerina is going to tell the audience. Most of Southeast Asia introduced dance into their court; in particular, Cambodian royal ballet represented them in the early seventh century before the Khmer Empire , which was highly influenced by Indian Hinduism.
Apsara Dance , famous for strong hand and feet movement, is a great example of Hindu symbolic dance. Puppetry and shadow plays were also a favoured form of entertainment in past centuries, a famous one being Wayang from Indonesia. The arts and literature in some of Southeast Asia are quite influenced by Hinduism, which was brought to them centuries ago. Indonesia, despite conversion to Islam which opposes certain forms of art, has retained many forms of Hindu-influenced practices, culture, art, and literature.
It has been pointed out that Khmer and Indonesian classical arts were concerned with depicting the life of the gods, but to the Southeast Asian mind, the life of the gods was the life of the peoples themselves—joyous, earthy, yet divine.
The Tai , coming late into Southeast Asia, brought with them some Chinese artistic traditions, but they soon shed them in favour of the Khmer and Mon traditions, and the only indications of their earlier contact with Chinese arts were in the style of their temples, especially the tapering roof, and in their lacquerware. Traditional music in Southeast Asia is as varied as its many ethnic and cultural divisions. Main styles of traditional music can be seen: Court music, folk music, music styles of smaller ethnic groups, and music influenced by genres outside the geographic region.
Of the court and folk genres, Gong chime ensembles and orchestras make up the majority the exception being lowland areas of Vietnam. String instruments also are popular in the region. On 18 November , UNESCO officially recognized angklung as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity , and encourage the Indonesian people and government to safeguard, transmit, promote performances and to encourage the craftsmanship of angklung making.
The history of Southeast Asia has led to a wealth of different authors, from both within and without writing about the region. Originally, Indians were the ones who taught the native inhabitants about writing. This is shown through Brahmic forms of writing present in the region such as the Balinese script shown on split palm leaf called lontar see image to the left — magnify the image to see the writing on the flat side, and the decoration on the reverse side.
The antiquity of this form of writing extends before the invention of paper around the year in China. Note each palm leaf section was only several lines, written longitudinally across the leaf, and bound by twine to the other sections. The outer portion was decorated. The alphabets of Southeast Asia tended to be abugidas , until the arrival of the Europeans, who used words that also ended in consonants, not just vowels. Other forms of official documents, which did not use paper, included Javanese copperplate scrolls.
This material would have been more durable than paper in the tropical climate of Southeast Asia. The same phenomenon is present in Indonesian, although different spelling standards are utilised e.
The use of Chinese characters, in the past and present, is only evident in Vietnam and more recently, Singapore and Malaysia. Association football is the most popular sport in the region, with the ASEAN Football Federation , the region's primary regulatory body, formed on 31 January , in Jakarta , Indonesia.
AFF Championship is the highest football competition in the region since its inaugural in with Thailand becoming the most title in the competition with 5 titles. The reigning winner is Thailand , who defeated Indonesia in the final.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. South-eastern region of Asia. Official languages. Other languages. Mon Nicobarese Aslian. Tamil Telugu Malayalam. Aka-Jeru Present Great Andamanese. Onge Jarawa Sentinelese? Thai Lao Shan. Capital cities. Largest cities. Central Asia. Eastern Asia. Northern Asia. South-eastern Asia. Southern Asia.
The script used to write Dhivehi has changed over time. The first known script as Eveyla akuru script, which is found in historical recording of kings. Then the script known as Dhives akuru was used for a long period. The script used at present is called Thaana, which is said to be introduced during the reign of Mohamed Thakurufaanu and is written from right to left.
Nepal is one of the three landlocked countries in South Asia. The country holds diverse linguistic heritage, stemming from four major language groups: Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman, Mongolian and different indigenous language isolates.
Nepali is the official national language and is spoken by almost half of the population Derived from Sanskri, Nepali is written in Devanagari script. English is used by the people in government and business. In addition, Nepal is home to at least four indigenous sign languages. Local dialects in the Terai and hills are mostly unwritten with efforts underway to develop systems for writing many in Devanagari or the Roman alphabet.
Pakistan is the 36 th largest country in the world in terms of area. Due to a number of factors—low populations, the late arrival of the world religions, a lack of urbanization, descent through both male and female lines—women in Southeast Asia are generally seen as more equal to men that in neighboring areas like China and India.
Cultural changes began to affect Southeast Asia around two thousand years ago with influences coming from two directions. Chinese expansion south of the Yangtze River eventually led to the colonization of Vietnam. Chinese control was permanently ended in , but Confucian philosophy had a lasting influence when Vietnam became independent. Buddhism and Taoism also reached Vietnam via China. In the rest of mainland Southeast Asia, and in the western areas of the Malay-Indonesian archipelago, expanding trade across the Bay of Bengal meant Indian influences were more pronounced.
These influences were most obvious when large sedentary populations were engaged in growing irrigated rice, like northern Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Burma, Java, and Bali. Rulers and courts in these areas who adopted Hinduism or forms of Buddhism promoted a culture which combined imported ideas with aspects of local society.
Differences in the physical environment affected the political structures that developed in Southeast Asia.
When people were nomadic or semi-nomadic, it was difficult to construct a permanent governing system with stable bureaucracies and a reliable tax base. This type of state only developed in areas where there was a settled population, like the large rice-growing plains of the mainland and Java.
However, even the most powerful of these states found it difficult to extend their authority into remote highlands and islands. Islamic teachings began to spread in Southeast Asia from around the thirteenth century.
Islam teaches the oneness of God known to Muslims as Allah , who has revealed his message through a succession of prophets and finally through Muhammad ca. These are: 1 the confession of faith.
At the height of its power between the eighth and fifteenth centuries, a united Muslim Empire included all North Africa, Sicily, Egypt, Syria, Turkey, western Arabia, and southern Spain. From the tenth century CE Islam was subsequently brought to India by a similar moment of conquest and conversion, and its dominant political position was confirmed when the Mughal dynasty was established in the sixteenth century.
From at least the tenth century, Muslims were among the many foreigners trading in Southeast Asia, and a few individuals from Southeast Asia traveled to the Middle East for study. In the early stages of conversion, trade passing from Yemen and the Swahili coast across to the Malabar Coast and then the Bay of Bengal was also influential, as well as the growing connections with Muslims in China and India. Muslim traders from western China also settled in coastal towns on the Chinese coast, and Chinese Muslims developed important links with communities in central Vietnam, Borneo, the southern Philippines, and the Javanese coast.
Muslim traders from various parts of India e. Bengal, Gujarat, Malabar came to Southeast Asia in large numbers and they, too, provided a vehicle for the spread of Islamic ideas. As a result of its multiple origins, the Islam that reached Southeast Asia was very varied. The normal pattern was for a ruler or chief to adopt Islam—sometimes because of a desire to attract traders, or to be associated with powerful Muslim kingdoms like Mamluk Egypt, and then Ottoman Turkey and Mughal India, or because of the attraction of Muslim teaching.
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